Intelligent management of microclimate systems for cultural and entertainment buildings
I.L. Shubin1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, corr. member of RAASN, director
A.S. Strongin2, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher, head of laboratory
M.A. Razakov3, engineer
1,2,3Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
Abstract. The article presents modern solutions for intelligent control of ventilation and air conditioning systems in cultural and entertainment buildings. An algorithm for managing microclimate management systems has been developed. Flowcharts that can be integrated into any software package for the purpose of monitoring and regulating the performance of engineering systems are presented. An option for integrating an intelligent system into the type of building under consideration, taking into account the features of the technological process, is proposed. The energy consumption of ventilation systems with intelligent control is compared. The article is of interest to the maintenance services of engineering systems of buildings and structures for various purposes, as well as to design organizations specializing in automated control systems.
Key words: heat balance, ventilation system, microclimate, artificial intelligence systems, cultural and entertainment buildings.
Thermosetting polymer materials and their application in the construction and sanitation
of pipelines for wastewater disposal systems
Yuri S. Zakharov1, candidate of technical sciences, leading researcher, head of the laboratory
1Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1niisf@niisf.ruAbstract. Ensuring trouble-free operation of wastewater disposal systems under construction and operating pipelines is impossible without the introduction of modern technologies for the construction and rehabilitation of networks, which involve the widespread introduction of polymer materials into construction practice. The article formulates the requirements for polymer materials that are supposed to be used in the construction and sanitation of pipelines for wastewater disposal systems, and provides the main characteristics and applications in the field of wastewater disposal of thermosetting polymer materials: unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins. Recommendations are given on the choice of thermosetting materials during the construction and rehabilitation of pipelines for wastewater disposal systems.
Key words: drainage system, sanitation, pipeline, pipes, flexible polymer hoses, thermosetting materials, reactoplastics, unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins
Radiation resistance of elastic self-adhesive radiation-protective materials
V.D. Cherkasov1, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
V.I. Rimshin2, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
D.V. Cherkasov3, Candidate of Technical Sciences
M.N. Semenova4, Lead engineer
1,3Ogarev Mordovia state university
1,2,3,4Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
2Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
Abstract. The article presents the results of comprehensive studies of the radiation-protective properties and structure of elastic self-adhesive coatings.
Ethylene propylene rubber SKEPT50 was used as a binder for the manufacture of self-adhesive radiation-protective materials, and industrial oil I20 was used as a plasticizer. Alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin AFFS SP1045 served as an adhesive additive and microbarite Mibari 1098/96 was used as a filler. Radiation resistance was assessed by the nature of damage to the samples by proton beams of varying duration. Linear absorption coefficients before and after irradiation were also determined according to the method for the samples. For a preliminary assessment of radiation resistance, the accelerated radiation aging method was used, based on irradiation of samples with an increased absorbed dose of ionizing radiation in a time significantly shorter than the control one. A comparative analysis of the linear absorption coefficients and defects of the samples before and after proton irradiation made it possible to assess the resistance of the samples to radiation. Studies have shown that at high radiation doses (100 times higher than the standard 105 Gy), the linear absorption coefficients of radiation in elastic self-adhesive radiation protective coatings do not change. The materials presented meet the requirements for radiation resistance.
Key words: radiation protection elastic self-adhesive coatings, linear absorption coefficient, radiation resistance, microstructure, SKEPT.
Analysis of changes in the total transmission coefficient of solar radiation
by glazing at oblique angles of incidence of radiation
E.V. Korkina1, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Building Lighting Engineering of the National Research Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation
S.S. Kucherov2,
1Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1,2Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
1elena.v.korkina@gmail.com;
2wysifalay@yandex.ruAbstract. In order to reduce the energy spent on heating, ventilation and air conditioning during the construction of buildings, glazing with energy-saving coatings is used – low-emission, multifunctional and sun protection. One of the main characteristics of such glazing about heat transmission from solar radiation is the so-called total solar radiation transmission coefficient of the glazing. This coefficient is determined according to regulatory documents with the perpendicular incidence of sunlight on the glazing. However, during the warm season, the sun’s rays mainly fall on the glazing at oblique angles. To determine the dependence of the total transmittance of solar radiation on the angle of incidence, field and theoretical studies were carried out, on the basis of which correction coefficients for the magnitude of the light transmission were determined for calculating the total transmittance of solar radiation by glazing in the warm season.
Key words: heat gain from solar radiation, transmission of solar radiation by glazing, angle of incidence of sunlight, light equivalent, energy-saving glazing, field measurements.
Dependence of vibration characteristics of rail transport on the time of the year
V.A. Smirnov1, Leading Researcher, Candidate of Technical Sciences
D.D. Malov2, engineer
E.S. Ulesikova3, engineer
1,2,3Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
1belohvost@list.ru;
2malovdavid97@mail.ru;
3eugeniaulesikova@yandex.ruAbstract. The article considers the peculiarities of changes in the propagation of dynamic impact from the movement of rail transport in soils with seasonal freezing and thawing. Rail transportation is one of the main sources of vibroacoustic impact on the surrounding area. Provision of comfortable living environment for the population is one of the priority tasks of engineering and socio-technical and socioeconomic importance. Fast and accurate prediction of vibration levels caused by train operation, its impact on the environment and effective recommendations for comprehensive vibration reduction and isolation design are the basis for promoting rapid and favorable development of railway transport.
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of vibration generated by rail transportation and recommendations on how to take into account the influence of dynamic characteristics of seasonally freezing soils in predicting vibration and structural noise from rail transportation.
Key words: vibration, structural noise, seasonally frozen soils, vibration isolation, rail transport
Seasonal thermal insulation to prevent thawing of permafrost soils
under buildings and structures in changing climate
V.A. Ilyichev1, RAAСS academic, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
N.S. Nikiforova2, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior researcher
A.V. Konnov3, Candidate of Technical Sciences
1Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAASN), Russia, Moscow
2,3Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
2,3Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
Abstract. The article explores the use of foam glass structural and technological solutions to prevent thawing of high-temperature permafrost soils at the base of buildings and structures under climate change. The use of seasonal thermal insulation is proposed: the installation of a thermal insulation screen in the ventilated underfloor space of the building with its regular disassembling in winter. Numerical modeling in the Frost 3D software of the temperature regime and stress-strain state of the building’s base has shown that this solution makes it possible to keep the soils under building in a frozen state for most of the operational period and significantly increase the bearing capacity of the pile foundation in a climate warming.
Key words: permafrost, climate warming, thermal insulation, permafrost soils, ventilated underfloor space
Construction and reconstruction of water supply systems within the framework of decentralization of water supply in the Russian Federation
Dmitriy B. Frog1, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Chief researcher, head of laboratory
No. 35 “Technological intensification of water supply and sewerage objects”
1Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1dbf135@ya.ruAbstract. The article provides an overview of strategic tasks and state projects in the water supply sector [1]. The problems of the development of centralized water supply in the course of implementation [2] are listed and the advantages of the development of decentralized water supply systems with backup sources of drinking and household water supply, equipped with water treatment and water conditioning systems. The publication highlights the intermediate conclusions of the fundamental research work [3] of the NIISF RAACS.
Key words: water supply systems, decentralization, drinking water, construction, backup water sources.
Assessment of the influence of sound reflections from fencing and geometric
parameters of rooms on their acoustic characteristics
A.I. Antonov1, Leading Researcher, Doctor of Technical Sciences
V.P. Gusev2, Chief Researcher, Doctor of Technical Sciences
V.I. Ledenev3, Professor, Leading Researcher, Doctor of Technical Sciences
I.V. Matveeva4, docent, Candidate of Technical Sciences
1,2,3Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
3,4 Tambov state technical University, Russia, Tambov
1,2niisf@niisf.ru,
3ledvi@yandex.ru;
4times02@yandex.ruAbstract. The article considers a technique for assessing the acoustic characteristics of rooms using a developed computer program that implements the ray tracing method. Based on it, the influence of the nature of sound reflection from fences and geometric parameters of rooms on the average sound path length in the room is analyzed, taking into account the energy weights of sound rays. Reverberation processes in rooms with specular and diffuse sound reflection are investigated. It is shown that the decreases in reflected sound energy in a room after the sound source is turned off depend not only on the nature of the sound reflection, but also on the geometric proportions of the rooms. This circumstance must be taken into account when experimentally evaluating reverberation processes in disproportionate rooms when quasidiffuse sound fields are formed in them during diffuse reflection of sound and sound fields formed during mirror reflection. A correct assessment of the nature of reverberograms will make it possible to obtain more reliable information about the average sound absorption coefficients of rooms. The technique will allow, at the design stage of the premises, to more reliably assess the acoustic effectiveness of noise protection measures in rooms of different proportions and with different types of sound reflection.
Key words: acoustic characteristics of rooms, sound reverberation, sound reflection, noise calculation.
Assessment of the convergence of current methods for calculating the insulation
of impact noise of floating floors with the measurement results
A.M. Rogalev1, lead engineer
1Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
Abstract. A comparative assessment of the shock noise insulation characteristics calculated according to current methods by floating floor structures consisting of various types of elastic gaskets with the measured actual values of the impact noise insulation improvement by similar structures has been carried out. Significant deviations are shown and conclusions are drawn about the reasons for the discrepancies between the values calculated according to current methods and the measured ones.
Key words: sound insulation, impact noise, floor-to-floor overlap, floating floor.
Updated climate information in the draft revision of the Code of rules 131.13330.2020 for the formation of urban human habitat on the territory of Rostov region
N.P. Umnyakova1,
S.G. Sheina2,
A.A. Fedorovskaya3,
E.N. Minenko4,
1Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
2,3,4Don State Technical University, Russia, RostovnaDonu
Abstract. For the design of urban human habitat it is necessary to have up-to-date climatic information reflecting the occurred climatic changes. The article presents new climatic variables, analyzes their changes, which is necessary for better designing of comfortable human habitat in urban conditions.
Key words: Urban environment, sustainable development, climate, temperature, human habitat
On the determination of the specific surface area of building materials
by isotherms of water vapor sorption
V.G. Gagarin1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory “Building Thermophysics” of the NIISF RAASN, Professor of the Department “Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation” of Lomonosov Moscow State University
1Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, Moscow
1Research Institute of Mechanics, Russia, Moscow
1Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
1gagarinvg@yandex.ruAbstract. Two methods are proposed for determining the specific surface area of building materials, which can be applied using sorption isotherms obtained by the desiccator method. The equation of the n curve for water vapor adsorption is given. The adsorption equation is proposed, which is a generalization of the known equations. The application of the methods is illustrated by an example.
Key words: specific surface area of the material; desiccator method; monolayer capacity; sorption isotherms, macroporous adsorbent.
Structure and properties of highly porous gypsum materials
Igor V. Bessonov1, Ph.D., Chief Researcher NIISF RAACS, Advisor RAACS, Candidate of Technical Sciences
Alexey D. Zhukov2, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Building Materials Science NRU MSUСЕ, Leading
Researcher NIISF RAACS, Corresponding Member RIA
Elina A. Gorbunova3, Ph.D. student NRU MSUCE, leading engineer NIISF RAACS
Ilya S. Govryakov4, Ph.D. student NRU MSUCE, leading engineer NIISF RAACS
1,2,3,4Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAASN), Russia, Moscow
2,3,4Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
2Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering (RIA), Russia, Moscow
1bessonoviv@mail.ru;
2lj211@yandex.ru;
3eg15082000@mail.ru;
4govr190@mail.ruAbstract. Extra-light mineral materials are used in construction as thermal insulation and in meeting additional technological requirements such as acoustics. One of the promising types of particularly light mineral materials is gypsum foam. The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the properties of gypsum foam and its structure at the macro and micro levels, as well as the digital optimization of the properties of this material. It has been established that the properties of gypsum foam are determined by its macro and microporosity, as well as the structure of the pore walls. The presence of connecting pores, as well as the crystalline structure of the pore wall, make the material permeable to vaporair mixtures, which is a positive factor for acoustic materials and undesirable for thermal insulation.
Foam gypsum can be used for the manufacture of piece products, as well as for lowrise construction of houses using frame-crate technology.
Key words: extra-light materials, thermal conductivity, gypsum foam, macrostructure, microstructure, properties
Survivability of buildings and structures as a new direction of the problem of mechanical safety
Nataliya V. Fedorova1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher
Margarita A. Amelina2, lecturer
Polina D. Nikulina2, student
1Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
2Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
3Branch of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russia, Mytishchi
1fenavit@mail.ru;
2margo.dremova@mail.ru;
3mf@mgsu.ruAbstract. The article discusses the problem of improving terminology and basic concepts in the context of current and newly enacted regulatory documents for the construction industry. It is proposed to consider the term “robustness” in relation to buildings and structures in terms of ensuring their safe operation.
Key words: special impact, robustness of buildings and structures, progressive collapse.
Restoration of the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete floor slabs using
the example of a multi-storey civil building
V.I. Rimshin1, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
S.V. Usanov2, graduate student
A.E. Vorobyev3, student
E.S Savelyev4, student
1Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
1,2Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
3Kuban State Technological University, Russia, Krasnodar
4Novosibirsk State University of architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin), Russia, Novosibirsk
Abstract. The article discusses the features of the use of domestic materials REMpro Steel and REMpro 45 to protect reinforcement from corrosion and restore the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete floor slabs.
The object of the study was reinforced concrete slabs of the loggias of a multistorey dormitory building with a service life of more than 50 years. The technical inspection revealed serious damage to the plates caused by corrosion of the reinforcement and significant cracks, which led to a significant decrease in load-bearing capacity. In the process of protecting the reinforcement, REMpro Steel material was used, applied according to the method of preparing the base and coating the plates. In parallel, measurements of the deflection and opening width of normal cracks that occurred during loading were carried out.
As a result of the conducted research on the use of domestic materials for restoring the bearing capacity of floor slabs, it was found that their use provides a solution to the tasks set. The deflection values of the coating and floor elements obtained during measurements indicate that the structural solutions of the facility comply with the regulatory requirements established by SP 20.13330.2016. Namely, the actual deflections do not exceed the permissible values.
Key words: repair, reinforcement protection, corrosion, domestic materials, building materials, durability, application technologies, reinforced concrete structures.
The ratio of stresses and deformations of concrete under volumetric stress conditions, taking into account the combined effect of stresses and heating temperatures up to +300°C
Nikolay I. Karpenko1, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Chief Researcher
Sergey N. Karpenko2, Doctor of Technical Sciences
Georgiy A. Moiseenko3, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher
1,2,3Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1,2niisf_lab9n@mail.ru;
3gecklock@yandex.ruAbstract. During the life cycle, massive and flat reinforced concrete structures can experience various types of complex stress conditions under the additional effect of elevated temperatures. Among them are triaxial compression, when the strength and deformability of concrete can increase significantly, as well as various types of triaxial and flat compression–stretching, when deformations and strength decrease. The nature of the change in these characteristics under different heating conditions up to +300°C is considered. At the same time, the initial characteristics of the bonds between stresses and deformations change. The results obtained form the basis for the development of calculation methods for reinforced concrete structures based on the proposed nonlinear deformation model under the combined action of loads and various heating modes.
Key words: concrete, volumetric stress state, temperature effects, deformation, strength, nonlinear deformation model
Study of dynamic characteristics of layered rubber elements
V.A. Smirnov1, Leading Researcher, Candidate of Technical Sciences
M.Yu. Smolyakov2, junior research assistant
G.V. Kartashev3,engineer
1,2Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1,3Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), Russia, Moscow
Abstract. The paper presents the results of determining the dynamic characteristics of laminated rubber elements used as vibration and seismic isolators for buildings and structures of various levels of responsibility due to their ability to reduce transmitted vibrations and noise. The use of similar elastic elements in the foundations of buildings and structures has been practiced since the 1960s in various types of buildings from residential to hospitals and concert halls in order to protect against seismic effects and anthropogenic vibration [2]. To perform the necessary dynamic calculations, it is necessary to know the dynamic stiffness of insulators in the main directions of their operation, which depends, first of all, on the frequency of the external impact, as well as on the value of the specific load on the vibration support. This paper describes one of the methods for estimating the dynamic stiffness of a vibration isolator based on the results of tests on a servohydraulic dynamic testing machine.
Key words: vibration isolator, dynamic stiffness, seismic isolation, loss factor, measurement test.
Experimental studies of the operation of mechanical connections of fittings
in conditions of subzero temperatures
Igor G. Chepizubov1, Leading Researcher, Candidate of Technical Sciences
Georgiy A. Moiseenko2, Researcher, Candidate of Technical Sciences
Aleksey Y. Kashurkin3, Head of the Laboratory of Research and Testing of Building Materials, Products and Constructions
Inna V. Melnikova4, engineer
1,2,3,4Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
1niisf_lab9n@mail.ru;
2gecklock@yandex.ru;
3leontiii@mail.ru;
4melnickova.d2014@ya.ruAbstract. Comparative mechanical tensile tests of the mechanical joints of reinforcing bars of reinforced concrete structures at positive (+20°C) and subzero cryogenic (190°C) temperatures have been carried out. The research was carried out on the coupling connections of fittings with cylindrical and conical threads. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the dependence of the physic-mechanical characteristics of the reinforcement joint on temperature conditions and an assessment of the strength and deformability of the joints was made. The research results are presented in the form of tables and graphical dependencies showing differences in the operation of mechanical fittings at positive and subzero temperatures.
Key words: steel reinforcement, mechanical connection on a coupling with a conical thread, mechanical connection on a coupling with a cylindrical thread, cryogenic temperatures, strength of a mechanical connection, deformability of a mechanical connection
Infrared thermographic testing of buildings.
Staff qualification requirmentsE.V. Abramova1, Doctor of Technical Sciences
A.A. Verkhovskiy2, Candidate of Technical Sciences
O.N.Budadin3, Doctor of Technical Sciences
1,2Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), Russia, Moscow
3Joint Stock Company “Central Scientific Research Institute of Special Mechanical Engineering”, Russia, Khotkovo
1e.v.abramova11@yandex.ru;
2v2508@rambler.ru;
3oleg.budadin@yandex.ruAbstract. The article discusses the issues of ensuring highquality diagnostic worktoassess the thermalcondition of enclosingstructuresandengineeringsystems of buildings in termsof the qualifications of personnel whoconduct thermal imaging surveys.
The lack of clear requirements for personnel qualifications in regulatory documents governing this type of nondestructive testing leads to data falsification, erroneous assessment of control results and the reasons that led to certain temperature anomalies, from the point of view of analyzing the relationship between the detected temperature differences and thermal parameters and their compliance with regulatory requirements.
There are described the professional competencies that personnel must meet when conducting thermal imaging diagnostics.
Key words: nondestructive control, infrared thermographic testing of buildings, personnel qualifications.